The recent political changes in the U.S. are causing concern and raising questions about the meaning and impact of the new executive actions introduced by President Donald Trump, the 47th President of the United States. Experts have pointed out that Trump’s return to the White House for a second term has sparked renewed discussions about how his policies will affect the world, especially in areas such as trade, defense, immigration, and global politics. For Bangladesh, a strategically important South Asian country, these changes require careful evaluation and a well-planned approach to managing its relationship with the U.S.
During Trump’s first presidency (2017–2021), he adopted a “transactional” approach to international relations under his “America First” policy. This time, there are concerns that existing challenges could worsen.
Economic and Trade Concerns
Trump’s commitment to launching a “tariff war” and his idea of imposing a general tax on all foreign goods have created uncertainty among Bangladeshi business leaders. Several financial organizations have suggested that the government should take steps to prepare for potential challenges. These measures include expanding trade markets, diversifying exports, strengthening diplomatic efforts, and enhancing economic ties with other nations. Another recommendation is to involve the Bangladeshi diaspora in the U.S. in building a stronger connection with the Trump administration.
Meanwhile, European countries are worried about the impact of Trump’s policies on security and economic relations. Many fear that he may introduce stricter trade rules, increase pressure regarding China, and disrupt the G7, a group of major global economies that collaborate on economic and security issues. Some experts even speculate that the G7 might shrink to a G6 if Trump’s influence continues to grow.
European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen stated on January 21 that Europe is ready to engage in talks with Trump while also working to strengthen ties with China and other nations as global competition intensifies.She emphasized that the U.S. remains an important partner but made it clear that the European Union (EU) will stand by its values and interests. This concern has grown following Trump’s return to the White House with fears that he may impose heavy tariffs on China and key U.S. allies such as Canada and the EU. However,, there are indications that Trump may take a more flexible approach toward China.
Climate Change and Environmental Policies
One of Trump’s early actions in office was withdrawing the U.S. from the Paris Climate Agreement which is an international treaty aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions. He had done the same in 2019 during his first term, but the U.S. rejoined under President Biden in 2021. At the World Economic Forum in Davos, Trump once again criticized the Paris Agreement, calling it unfair. He also promised to increase fossil fuel production and speed up approvals for energy projects. Additionally, he dismissed climate-friendly policies like the “Green New Deal,” which aims to reduce carbon emissions.
In response, the United Nations climate chief, Simon Stiell, criticized Trump’s decision, stating that climate science is being “politicized.”. He emphasized that the reality of climate change remains unchanged, highlighting that 2024 was the hottest year on record.
Global Markets and Diplomacy
Asian financial markets have experienced significant fluctuations since Trump took office. Investors are reacting to his executive orders, which suggest he may take a tough stance on trade and international relations. His decision to withdraw from the Paris Agreement and the World Health Organization has also contributed to market instability. In his inaugural speech, Trump declared that he would immediately begin reforming the U.S. trade system to protect American workers and businesses. He argued that instead of allowing other countries to benefit at the expense of American citizens. The U.S. should impose taxes and tariffs on foreign nations to strengthen its own economy.
NATO and Global Security
Trump’s “America First” strategy extends to international security matters, including the future of NATO. He has long criticized the alliance, claiming that European countries rely too much on U.S. military protection without contributing enough financially. While some believe his criticism is part of a strategy to push NATO members to increase defense spending, others worry that he might consider withdrawing the U.S. from the alliance altogether.Such a move would be the most significant shift in transatlantic security relations in nearly a century. The leaders of NATO are now deeply concerned about how Trump’s policies will affect the alliance’s ability to deter potential threats.
The Impact on Global Human Rights and Conflicts
Trump’s return to power and the continued rise of far-right politics in the U.S. indicate a shift in the country’s approach to global affairs, including human rights and peace efforts. His “America First” policies could make international relations more competitive and less focused on cooperation. However, there is some hope that Trump, who previously took credit for brokering a ceasefire between Israel and Hamas, might also push for an end to the Russia and Ukraine war, one of the most significant global conflicts in recent years.
At the same time, there is concern that Trump’s stance on the Israel-Palestine conflict may lead to an unfair deal for Palestinians who have faced decades of oppression with the U.S. support for Israel’s policies.
The Role of Technology and the Business World
Another notable aspect of Trump’s return is the presence of major technology leaders at his inaugural ceremony. This suggests that his presidency could have a significant impact on the global tech industry, particularly in a world where technology and national security are closely linked.Some smaller nations fear that the rise of an ultra-nationalist leader like Trump could have serious consequences in a time when nuclear capabilities and digital advancements play a major role in global power dynamics.
Legal Challenges to Trump’s Policies
Trump’s second term has already sparked legal battles.Civil rights organizations and state governments have quickly challenged his executive order to restrict birthright citizenship.This order, signed just hours after he was sworn in, prevents federal agencies from issuing documents that recognize U.S. citizenship for people born in the country.
More than 24 Democratic-led states and cities have filed lawsuits, arguing that the order violates the 14th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, which guarantees citizenship to all individuals born in the country. Birthright citizenship was added to the Constitution in 1868 following the Civil War to ensure the rights of formerly enslaved people. Groups like the American Civil Liberties Union, which is ACLU in short. They are now challenging Trump’s actions in court, arguing that they go beyond his legal authority.
Relations and Trade Between the U.S. and Asia
Newly appointed U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio, on his first full day in office, warned countries like Japan, India, and Australia against aggressive actions in Asia. This was seen as a clear message directed at China. Rubio and his counterparts emphasized their commitment to maintaining a “free and open Indo-Pacific” region.
In his first international speech of his second term delivered via livestream at the World Economic Forum, Trump took a confrontational tone on foreign policy. He criticized the EU for imposing tough regulations on American businesses and accused the bloc of unfairly targeting the U.S. tech giants like Apple and Google.
The Road Ahead
The U.S. is the EU’s biggest trading partner, and in 2022. The U.S. had a trade deficit of $131 billion with the EU. Economists note that trade imbalances can result from various factors, including currency differences and consumer habits. However, Trump views trade deficits as a sign of economic weakness and has once again promised to eliminate them, just as he did during his first term.
During his first presidency, Trump withdrew from international trade agreements and preferred one-on-one trade deals, often using economic relations as a bargaining tool for political goals. This could create difficulties for Bangladesh, which relies on trade agreements to support its economy. With the U.S. previously suspending Bangladesh’s trade benefits under the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) in 2013, there is a risk that these privileges may face further delays.
Bangladesh must therefore diversify its export markets, improve compliance with global labor and environmental standards, and actively engage in economic diplomacy to secure its position in a changing global trade environment.
